Pan-African SEDEX massive sulfide deposits of Abu Samar, Southern Red Sea Hills, Sudan. 3- Metallogenesis.
Keywords:
Anatexis, Granulite, Chloritites, Tephroitites, Garnetites, Rift, Seafloor, Brine pools, SEDEX
Abstract
The Abu Samar massive sulfide and Ba-Mn deposits and the adjacent occurrences are hosted the Tolik gneissic and migmatized series. They were repeatedly metamorphosed and deformed due to subsequent episodes of metamorphism and contemporaneous deformations. These events left an ore that is highly rich in extraordinary mineralogical assemblages most of which are actually out of equilibrium.
A model was envisaged for these ores that they were first deposited as accumulations of Ba-Mn-Zn with primordial sulfide fractions in the form of chemical sediments, metalliferous mud and exhalites via sea-floor exhalative (SEDEX) processes, deposited proximal to their sources with syn-sedimentary tectonic rifting. This model is comparable to those generating polymetallic massive sulfide deposits at modern sea floors.
References
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Geol. Foren-Stock. Forh. Vol 100, pt 2, pp 155-170.
- Costa, U.R., Barnett, R.L., and Kerrich, R., 1983, The Mattagami Lake mine Archaean Zn-Cu sulfide deposit, Quebec: hydrothermal co-precipitation of talc and sulfides in a sea floar brine pool- evidence from geochemistry, 18O/16O, and mineral chemistry. Econom. Geol. Vol 78, pp.
1184-1203.
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Pb, Zn, Ba, Mn, de la Plain d'Allaikaleib (Soudan) : models exhalatifs-sédimentaires dans Le Proterozoique Arabo-Nubien : thèse doctorale, Orleans, France, Université d'Orléans. 276p.
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- Frietsch, R., 1982, A model for the formation of iron, manganese and sulfide ore of Central Sweden: Band 71, Heft 1, Seite 206-212.
- Gilligan, L.B., and Mrchall, B., 1987, Textural evidence for remobiliztion in metamorphic environments: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 2, p. 205 – 229.
- Hannington, M.D., and Scott, S.D., 1989, Sulfidation equilibria as guides to gold mineralisation in voleanogenic massive sulfides: Evidence from sulfide mineralogy and the composition of sphalerite: Economic Geology, v. 84, p. 1978-1995.
- Herzig, P.M., and Hannington, M.D., 1999, Polymetallic massive sulfides at modern seafloor:
Ore Geology Reviews, v. 10(2), p. 95-115.
- Marchall, B., and Gilligan, L.B., 1987, An introduction to remoblization: Information from ore body geometry and experimental considerations: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 2, p. 87 – 131.
- Oudin, E., 1983, Minéralogie de gisements et indices lies à des zones d’accrétion océaniques actuelles (ride Est Pacifique et Mer Rouge) et fossile (Chypre): Chronique de la Recherche minière, no. 470, p. 43-56.
- Pichler, T., Giggenbach, W.F., McInnnes B.I.A., Buhi, D., and Duck, A.B., 1999, Fe sulfide formation due to seawater-gas-sediment interaction in a shallow-water hydrothermal system at Lihir Island, Papua New Guinea: Economic Geology, v. 94, p. 281-288.
- Picot, P., and Johan, Z., 1982, Atlas des minéraux métalliques: Mémoire du BRGM, no. 90, 2ème édition.
- Plimer, I.R., 1978, Les gisements stratiformes de plomb et zinc de Broken Hill (Australie):
Chronique de la Recherche Minière, no. 442, p. 3-33.
- Pouit, G., Elsas, P.H., Milesi, J.P., Sabir, H., and Collaborators, 1983, Metallogenic base-metal studies. Preliminary synthesis of a three years activity: (BRGM report) 1983, 22p.
- Rozendaal, A., 1980, The Gamsberg zinc deposit, South Africa: banded stratifrom base metal sulfide ore deposit: Proceedings 5th quadrennial IAGOD symposium, Stuttgart, Germany.
- Scott S.D., 1973, Experimental calibration of the sphalerite geobarometer. Econom. Geol., vol 68, pp 210-216.
- Stanton, R.L., 1976, Petrochemical studies of the ore environment at Broken Hill, New South Wales: 4- environmental synthesis: Proceedings Australas of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy (sect. B), no. 282.
- Stumpfl, F., 1979, Manganese haloes surrounding metamorphic stratabound base metal deposits: Mineroleum Deposita, Perl,. v. 14, p. 207-217.
- Zaleski, E., and Peterson, V.L., 1995, Depositional setting and deformation of massive sulfide deposits, iron formation, and associated alteration in the Manitouwadge Greenstone Belt, Superior province, Ontario: Economic Geology, v. 90, p. 2244 – 2261.
- Zierenberg R.A., and Shanks W.C., 1983, Mineralogy and geochemistry of epigenetic features in metalliferous sediments, Atlantis II Deep, Red Sea: Economic Geology, v. 78, p. 57-72.
Published
2010-04-01
How to Cite
Yousif ELSAMANI. (2010). Pan-African SEDEX massive sulfide deposits of Abu Samar, Southern Red Sea Hills, Sudan. 3- Metallogenesis. Journal of The Faculty of Science and Technology, 1(1). Retrieved from https://www.journal.oiu.edu.sd/index.php/JFST/article/view/3352
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