Detection of Theileria and Babesia infection and their co-infection in ruminants in Wad Madani town, Gezira State, Central Sudan
Keywords:
Theileria and Babesia
Abstract
Introduction: The Poor animal health is often a consequence of parasitic diseases; ticks are transmitting a number of diseases to indigenous and exotic ruminants in Sudan and cause large economic losses in productivity. This study was designed to investigate Theileria and Babesia infection in ruminants (cows, sheep and goats) from ruminant’s farms and ruminants market (Al mwashi market) in Wad Madani town, central Sudan.. Method: A total of 130 blood samples were collected from December 2020 to March 2021. Samples were collected from ruminants from 13 farms in Wad Madani town and Al mwashi market. Ruminants were chosen according to the breed, sex and age. For hematological examination for identification of the parasites in the prepared blood smears which were tested using Giemsa stain. Then Complete Blood Count (CBC) were done for each ruminants, measuring RBC, WBC, LYM, MID, GRAN, MCH, MCHC, MCV, HGB, HCT and RDW. Result: revealed that 30 (23.1%) samples were positive for co-infection of Babesia and Theilera. (22.5%) in cows, (15.4%) in goats and (29.4%) in sheep. Results showed that sheep are the most one which have the co-infection with both Theileria, Babesia, infection, ruminants, SudanReferences
1. Ibrahim, E., Mohammed, S.B., El-Ghali, A., Salih, D.A., Hassan, S.M. and Khalid, A.M., (2020). Efficacy of Buparvaquone Treatment in Pregnant Cows Infect with Theileria Species in Sudan. Asian Journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, pp.29-37.
2. Ganguly, A., Maharana, B.R. and Ganguly, I., (2020). Pentaplex PCR assay for rapid differential detection of Babesia bigemina, Theileria annulata, Anaplasma marginale and Trypanosoma evansi in cattle. Biologicals, 63, pp.81-88.
3. ElGhali, A. and Hassan, S.M., (2012). Ticks infesting animals in the Sudan and southern Sudan: past and current status: research communication. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 79 (1), pp.1-6.
4. Uilenberg, G., Estrada-Peña, A. and Thal, J., (2013). Ticks of the Central African Republic. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 60(1), pp.1-40.
5. Hayati, M.A., Hassan, S.M., Ahmed, S.K. and Salih, D.A., 2020. Prevalence of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and Theileria annulata infection of cattle in Gezira State, Sudan. Parasite Epidemiology and Control, p.e00148.
6. Jia, L., Zhao, S., Xie, S., Li, H., Wang, H. and Zhang, S., (2020). Molecular prevalence of Theileria infections in cattle in Yanbian, north-eastern China. Parasite, 27.
7. Reddy, K.A.K. and Lakshman, M., (2020). Histopathological alterations in lymph node of Theileriosis affected crossbred cattle: A case report.
8. Niaz, S., Zia Ur Rahman, I.A., Cossío-Bayúgar, R., Amaro-Estrada, I., Alanazi, A.D., Khattak, I., Zeb, J., Nasreen, N. and Khan, A., (2021). Molecular prevalence, characterization and associated risk factors of Anaplasma spp. and Theileria spp. in small ruminants in Northern Pakistan. Parasite, 28.
9. Eamens, G.J., Gonsalves, J.R., Jenkins, C., Collins, D. and Bailey, G., (2013). Theileria orientalis MPSP types in Australian cattle herds associated with outbreaks of clinical disease and their association with clinical pathology findings. Veterinary Parasitology, 191(3-4), pp.209-217.
10. Khatoon, S., Kolte, S.W., Kurkure, N.V., Chopde, N.A. and Jahan, A., (2015). Detection of tropical bovine theileriosis by polymerase chain reaction in cattle. Journal of parasitic diseases, 39(1), pp.53-56..
11. Anupama, R., Srinivasan, S.R. and Parthiban, M., (2015). Molecular studies on theileriosis and identification of Theileria orientalis in India using PCR.
12. Siddique, R.M., Sajid, M.S., Iqbal, Z. and Saqib, M.,( 2020). Association of different risk factors with the prevalence of babesiosis in cattle and buffalos. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 57(2).
13. Embiyale, G.; Debalke, D.; Aman, E.; Eedmin, B. and Abebe, S. (2018). Review on bovine babesiosis. Acta Parasitologica Glubalis, 9(1) : 15 -26.
14. Springer, A., Höltershinken, M., Lienhart, F., Ermel, S., Rehage, J., Hülskötter, K., Lehmbecker, A., Wohlsein, P., Barutzki, D., Gietl, C. and Baumgärtner, W., (2020). Emergence and epidemiology of bovine babesiosis due to Babesia divergens on a northern German beef production farm. Frontiers in veterinary science, 7.
15. Yusuf, J.J., (2017). Review on Bovine Babesiosis and its Economical ImportanceJemal. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Research.
16. El Moghazy, H., Ebied, M., Abdelwahab, M. and El Sayed, A.( 2014). Epidemiological studies on bovine Babesiosis and Theileriosis in Qalubia governorate. BenhaVeterinary Medical Journal, 27: 36-48.
17. Wodaje, A., Adudna, B. and Hamid, M., (2019). A Review on Bovine Babesiosis. Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci, 6(1), pp.63-70.
18. Habibi, G., Sepahvand-Mohammadi, E., Afshari, A. and Bozorgi, S., (2020). Molecular detection of Theileria spp. and Babesia ovis Infection in Sheep in Baneh, Iran. Archives of Razi Institute, 75(2), pp.289-296.
19. Ritonga, M.Z., Putra, A., Prastia, A., Nasution, F. and Ginting, R.B., (2020). Detection of Blood Parasites in Cattle in Kutalimbaru Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatera. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 151, p. 01040). EDP Sciences.
20. Abdalsalam, N.A. and Hazawy, S., (2017). Cattle Babesiosis under Clinical Management: A Case Report.
21. Mohammed, M.S., Bukhari, S.M., Abakar, A.D., Bala, A.E. and Idris, S.E., 2018. Incidence and prevalence of tick-borne haemoparasites infecting sheep and goats in Sennar State, Sudan. Int J Biol Res, 3(2), pp.173-7.
22. Abakar, A.D., Fadalalla, O.M., Mohammed, A.Y., El Mahadi, I.H., Bala, A.E. and Mohammed, M.S., (2018). Seroprevalence of Theileria annulata antibodies measured by indirect Ta SP ELISA among dairy cattle raised at Elhoush district, Gezira state, Sudan. Eur. J. Biotechnol. Biosci, 6, pp.29-33.
23. Magzoub, A., El Ghali, A., Hussien, M.O., Juma, Y. and Mohammed, S.B., 2020. Prevalence of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and Theileria lestoquardi in sheep at El Huda and El Nuhud animals production research stations, Sudan. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, pp.1-7.
24. Ahmed, H.D.M., Ahmed, A.M., Salih, D.A., Hasan, S.K., Masri, M.M., Altayb, H.N., Khaeir, M.A.M., Hussein, M.O. and El Hussein, A.M., (2018). Prevalence, First Molecular Identification and Characterization of Theileria lestoquardi in Sheep in Alhuda National Sheep Research Station, Al Gezira State, Sudan. Asian Journal of Biology, pp.1-9.
25. Agina, O.A., Shaari, M.R., Isa, N.M.M., Ajat, M., Zamri-Saad, M. and Hamzah, H., (2020). Clinical Pathology, Immunopathology and Advanced Vaccine Technology in Bovine Theileriosis: A Review. Pathogens, 9(9), p.697.
26. Osman, H.T.A.E.M., (2019). A Study of Bovine Babesiosis in El-Fasher-North North Darfur State-Sudan (Doctoral dissertation, Sudan University of Science and Technology).
2. Ganguly, A., Maharana, B.R. and Ganguly, I., (2020). Pentaplex PCR assay for rapid differential detection of Babesia bigemina, Theileria annulata, Anaplasma marginale and Trypanosoma evansi in cattle. Biologicals, 63, pp.81-88.
3. ElGhali, A. and Hassan, S.M., (2012). Ticks infesting animals in the Sudan and southern Sudan: past and current status: research communication. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 79 (1), pp.1-6.
4. Uilenberg, G., Estrada-Peña, A. and Thal, J., (2013). Ticks of the Central African Republic. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 60(1), pp.1-40.
5. Hayati, M.A., Hassan, S.M., Ahmed, S.K. and Salih, D.A., 2020. Prevalence of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and Theileria annulata infection of cattle in Gezira State, Sudan. Parasite Epidemiology and Control, p.e00148.
6. Jia, L., Zhao, S., Xie, S., Li, H., Wang, H. and Zhang, S., (2020). Molecular prevalence of Theileria infections in cattle in Yanbian, north-eastern China. Parasite, 27.
7. Reddy, K.A.K. and Lakshman, M., (2020). Histopathological alterations in lymph node of Theileriosis affected crossbred cattle: A case report.
8. Niaz, S., Zia Ur Rahman, I.A., Cossío-Bayúgar, R., Amaro-Estrada, I., Alanazi, A.D., Khattak, I., Zeb, J., Nasreen, N. and Khan, A., (2021). Molecular prevalence, characterization and associated risk factors of Anaplasma spp. and Theileria spp. in small ruminants in Northern Pakistan. Parasite, 28.
9. Eamens, G.J., Gonsalves, J.R., Jenkins, C., Collins, D. and Bailey, G., (2013). Theileria orientalis MPSP types in Australian cattle herds associated with outbreaks of clinical disease and their association with clinical pathology findings. Veterinary Parasitology, 191(3-4), pp.209-217.
10. Khatoon, S., Kolte, S.W., Kurkure, N.V., Chopde, N.A. and Jahan, A., (2015). Detection of tropical bovine theileriosis by polymerase chain reaction in cattle. Journal of parasitic diseases, 39(1), pp.53-56..
11. Anupama, R., Srinivasan, S.R. and Parthiban, M., (2015). Molecular studies on theileriosis and identification of Theileria orientalis in India using PCR.
12. Siddique, R.M., Sajid, M.S., Iqbal, Z. and Saqib, M.,( 2020). Association of different risk factors with the prevalence of babesiosis in cattle and buffalos. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 57(2).
13. Embiyale, G.; Debalke, D.; Aman, E.; Eedmin, B. and Abebe, S. (2018). Review on bovine babesiosis. Acta Parasitologica Glubalis, 9(1) : 15 -26.
14. Springer, A., Höltershinken, M., Lienhart, F., Ermel, S., Rehage, J., Hülskötter, K., Lehmbecker, A., Wohlsein, P., Barutzki, D., Gietl, C. and Baumgärtner, W., (2020). Emergence and epidemiology of bovine babesiosis due to Babesia divergens on a northern German beef production farm. Frontiers in veterinary science, 7.
15. Yusuf, J.J., (2017). Review on Bovine Babesiosis and its Economical ImportanceJemal. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Research.
16. El Moghazy, H., Ebied, M., Abdelwahab, M. and El Sayed, A.( 2014). Epidemiological studies on bovine Babesiosis and Theileriosis in Qalubia governorate. BenhaVeterinary Medical Journal, 27: 36-48.
17. Wodaje, A., Adudna, B. and Hamid, M., (2019). A Review on Bovine Babesiosis. Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci, 6(1), pp.63-70.
18. Habibi, G., Sepahvand-Mohammadi, E., Afshari, A. and Bozorgi, S., (2020). Molecular detection of Theileria spp. and Babesia ovis Infection in Sheep in Baneh, Iran. Archives of Razi Institute, 75(2), pp.289-296.
19. Ritonga, M.Z., Putra, A., Prastia, A., Nasution, F. and Ginting, R.B., (2020). Detection of Blood Parasites in Cattle in Kutalimbaru Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatera. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 151, p. 01040). EDP Sciences.
20. Abdalsalam, N.A. and Hazawy, S., (2017). Cattle Babesiosis under Clinical Management: A Case Report.
21. Mohammed, M.S., Bukhari, S.M., Abakar, A.D., Bala, A.E. and Idris, S.E., 2018. Incidence and prevalence of tick-borne haemoparasites infecting sheep and goats in Sennar State, Sudan. Int J Biol Res, 3(2), pp.173-7.
22. Abakar, A.D., Fadalalla, O.M., Mohammed, A.Y., El Mahadi, I.H., Bala, A.E. and Mohammed, M.S., (2018). Seroprevalence of Theileria annulata antibodies measured by indirect Ta SP ELISA among dairy cattle raised at Elhoush district, Gezira state, Sudan. Eur. J. Biotechnol. Biosci, 6, pp.29-33.
23. Magzoub, A., El Ghali, A., Hussien, M.O., Juma, Y. and Mohammed, S.B., 2020. Prevalence of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and Theileria lestoquardi in sheep at El Huda and El Nuhud animals production research stations, Sudan. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, pp.1-7.
24. Ahmed, H.D.M., Ahmed, A.M., Salih, D.A., Hasan, S.K., Masri, M.M., Altayb, H.N., Khaeir, M.A.M., Hussein, M.O. and El Hussein, A.M., (2018). Prevalence, First Molecular Identification and Characterization of Theileria lestoquardi in Sheep in Alhuda National Sheep Research Station, Al Gezira State, Sudan. Asian Journal of Biology, pp.1-9.
25. Agina, O.A., Shaari, M.R., Isa, N.M.M., Ajat, M., Zamri-Saad, M. and Hamzah, H., (2020). Clinical Pathology, Immunopathology and Advanced Vaccine Technology in Bovine Theileriosis: A Review. Pathogens, 9(9), p.697.
26. Osman, H.T.A.E.M., (2019). A Study of Bovine Babesiosis in El-Fasher-North North Darfur State-Sudan (Doctoral dissertation, Sudan University of Science and Technology).
Published
2024-10-23
Section
Articles
