Antimicrobial, Antioxidant activities and GC/MS analysis of clove oil (Syzygium aromaticum)

Ahmed A.  Elshikh; Abdalrhman A. F.  Fadulalla; Anwer-alsadat A. M.; Ayman O. A.  Mohammed; Borae A. E.  Ebrahim; Sulieman A.  Gasim Elsaid; Ahmed Ali  Mustafa; Abdelazim M.  Omer

doi:10.52981/smlj.v11i1 and 2.3121

Ahmed A. Elshikh Department of chemistry, Faculty of science and technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan.
Abdalrhman A. F. Fadulalla Department of botany, Faculty of science and technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan.
Anwer-alsadat A. M. Department of botany, Faculty of science and technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan.
Ayman O. A. Mohammed Department of botany, Faculty of science and technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan.
Borae A. E. Ebrahim Department of botany, Faculty of science and technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan.
Sulieman A. Gasim Elsaid Department of botany, Faculty of science and technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan.
Ahmed Ali Mustafa Department of botany and Microbiology, Faculty of science, Gazira University, Gazira State, Sudan.
Abdelazim M. Omer Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical laboratory science, Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52981/smlj.v11i1%20and%202.3121

Keywords: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, GC/MS, clove oil, Syzygium aromaticum

Abstract

Introduction: Essential oils are volatile, complex, strong-smelling natural compounds formed by aromatic plants as secondary metabolites. Usually, it is obtained by steam or hydrodistillation.

In nature, essential oils play an important role in the protection of plants, Essential oils can be synthesized by all plant organs, i.e. buds, flowers, leaves, stems, twigs, seeds, fruits, roots, wood or bark, and are stored in secretory cells, cavities, canals, epidemic cells or glandular trichomes.

Method: Extraction of Clove Oil Steam hydro-distillation is selected as a method to isolate clove oil, the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity was detected, and the chemical content of clove oil. Clove oil was tested against five standard bacteria strains (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aurous, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli), and two fungi (Asperiglus nigur, Candida albicans) using the cup-plate agar diffusion method. Also tested was the antioxidant effect using DPPH. The chemical constituents of clove oil were also detected using GC/MS. Clove oil showed high activity against Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aurous, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Asperiglus nigur and Bacillus subtilis

Result: Clove Oil extraction high activity against all types of bacteria under study (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aurous, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli), and it had high activity against Aspergillus nigur, while it had low activity against Candida albicans at a concentration of 100 mg/ml.. interestingly, the antioxidant activity of clove oil was higher compared to Propyl gallate (Standard). Chemical detection by GC/MS showed the presence of 4 compounds. The main compounds in clove oil were Eugenol (58.38) and Caryophyllene (34.87).

Kayword: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, GC/MS, clove oil, Syzygium aromaticum.

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